Here is everything you need to know about corrugated boxes.
You will learn:
A corrugated box is a disposable container crafted from multiple layers, typically including an inner, outer, and a mid-layer. The middle layer features a wavy, fluted design, providing both cushioning and structural support for heavier contents. This design significantly bolsters the box's resilience and impact absorption capabilities, making it an excellent choice for safeguarding products during shipping and storage.
The standard cardboard box has a history exceeding two centuries. The process of incorporating flutes for corrugation began in the midst of the first industrial revolution. Since its invention, the corrugated box has evolved into the predominant type of shipping container, integral to every facet of logistics and material handling.
Although the process of making a corrugated box might appear straightforward, several critical factors must be evaluated before production begins. Like all manufacturing and shipping materials, corrugated boxes are meticulously designed and engineered to define their capacity, strength, and durability.
The initial stage in the production of corrugated boxes involves assessing various key elements: construction, flute profile, burst strength, edge crush strength, flat crush strength, the weight of the cardboard sheets, paper weight, and the types of surface treatments applied.
A corrugated box can have one of three wall configurations: single-wall, double-wall, or triple-wall.
Single Wall - This is the simplest corrugated wall design, with a single outer layer and inner layer with fluting between the two layers.
Double Wall - The double wall design adds an additional layer of fluting to produce a box capable of handling heavier and larger items.
Triple Wall - As the name implies, triple wall corrugated boxes have three layers of flutes. Each layer has differently-sized flutes to add stability. The added layers maximize cushioning and compression strength.
Corrugated boxes typically feature one of five standard fluting types: A, B, C, E, and F. While these are the common types, manufacturers and designers have the flexibility to create custom fluting profiles. These custom versions can include combinations of the standard types or entirely unique designs.
In addition to the five standard flute types, there are specialized flutes that combine or fall between the standard flutes, such as D flutes. Specialty flutes also include EE, EF, and BC, which are often used in double-wall profiles. Rarely used flutes like N and O are extremely small, measuring less than half a millimeter in height.
The burst strength of a corrugated box refers to the amount of force the material can withstand before it ruptures, cracks, or falls apart. The Mullen Test, developed over 130 years ago, applies force to the face of the corrugated material until it bursts. Results are given in pounds, indicating the force per square inch the material can handle. For instance, a box rated at 200# can withstand 200 pounds (90 kg) of force per square inch. This test measures the amount of pressure needed to burst through the paper on a corrugated box.
The Mullen Test provides insight into how well a box will endure handling during shipping, including assembly operations and transit through distribution channels. It helps predict the box's resistance to punctures and damage as it moves through various stages.
However, the Mullen Test has limitations as it does not account for the contribution of the fluted medium to the box's strength. Although the fluted medium is crucial, contributing about 50% of a box's stacking strength, it isn't reflected in the burst strength measurement. This is where the Edge Crush Test (ECT) becomes valuable.
The Edge Crush Test (ECT) measures the vertical compression strength of a corrugated box, providing insight into how well it will hold up when stacked during shipping or placed on a pallet. This test is a practical and reliable indicator of a box's ability to maintain its integrity under pressure and handling. Unlike material characteristics tests, the ECT is a "performance-based" property test.
Several factors can influence the ECT of a box, including humidity, the duration a box remains stacked, the amount of crush from passing through production machines, and the stacking pattern. For example, a box with an ECT rating of 55 can withstand 55 pounds (25 kg) of pressure before it collapses.
The basis weight refers to the weight of cardboard sheets before they are made into boxes. It is measured in pounds and represents the weight of a ream of paper, which is typically 500 sheets. Since paper comes in various sizes and widths, the basis weight can differ. To determine the basis weight, a piece of paper must be measured and weighed.
The weight of cardboard is determined by the thickness of the cardboard paper used. The weight of the paper used to make corrugated sheets is measured in pounds and typically ranges from 26 lbs to 42 lbs (11.8 kg to 19 kg).
In the manufacturing of corrugated boxes, various coatings and finishes are applied to enhance the durability and aesthetics of the boxes. The primary types of coatings used are aqueous coatings and UV coatings.
The equipment used to manufacture corrugated board for boxes is known as a corrugator. The core components of corrugated board include liners, which are the flat outer layers made from various paper grades. The central layer, or flute, is crafted from short fibers typically sourced from hardwood trees, while the liners are made from the longer fibers of softwood trees.
Large rolls of paper are processed in a single facer to create the fluted structure. This process involves heating the paper with steam to approximately 338°F (170°C). Adhesive is then applied to the peaks of the flutes, bonding the fluted paper to a liner sheet. The combined layers are then pressed flat using rollers, resulting in a single-faced web.
Once the single-faced web exits the single facer, it proceeds to the double glue unit and double backer. To create double-wall corrugated paper, two single-faced webs are introduced along with the liner into the unit. In the double glue unit, adhesive is applied to the exposed flute tips to bond the outer liner. Throughout this stage, the liner and fluted webs are heated to precise temperatures to set the glue properly and form a strong connection.
Following its passage through the double backer, the corrugated board moves through a dryer, is scored, and then cut to the specified dimensions.
Different sizes of corrugated board are gathered and prepared for the box printing and manufacturing process. Based on the box specifications, they are printed with various logos, designs, and colors.
The corrugated boards that have been scored, printed, and cut are processed through a trimmer to create flaps and handles. This machinery can produce up to 90 boxes per minute.
After trimming, the boxes proceed to a folding machine, which folds the box along its scored lines and applies adhesive to the parts that need to be sealed, finalizing the box assembly.
The entire workflow, including cutting, printing, slotting, and shaping of the corrugated board into a finished box, is illustrated in the diagram below.
Often regarded as the standard shipping container, the corrugated box is a fundamental tool for manufacturers when it comes to transporting their products. Due to their customizable design, corrugated boxes are one of the most versatile and widely used shipping solutions available.
These boxes are well-known for their durability and their ability to cushion and protect delicate items during transit. The versatility of corrugated boxes allows them to be tailored to meet a wide range of shipping requirements.
Another key advantage of corrugated boxes is the option to print on them, including incorporating a company’s logo. Having a clear and attractive logo on the boxes helps in brand promotion and enhances brand recognition. Using boxes as a medium for branding is a cost-effective method to make a company's identity stand out.
During the production of corrugated boxes, a glue composed of water and starch is utilized to bond the flutes and liners. This choice of adhesive helps prevent contamination of fresh produce, such as fruits and vegetables. Corrugated boxes offer several advantages for food shipping, with safety and resistance to bacterial growth being paramount. Research has demonstrated that corrugated boxes are effective in maintaining the freshness of food for extended periods.
When shipping or storing office supplies, particularly paper products, a primary concern is the potential for damage during transit or while on shelves. Corrugated boxes are designed to address this issue by providing both strength and cushioning, thereby minimizing the risk of damage and ensuring that office materials remain in good condition.
In e-commerce, corrugated boxes play a crucial role in maintaining an efficient and agile supply chain, which is essential for the industry. Over the past two years, their use has surged as they become central to e-commerce logistics. A significant challenge in this sector is shipping smaller quantities to a diverse array of destinations. Corrugated boxes provide the necessary security and protection required by the e-commerce sector, meeting the demands for safety and reliability.
The surge in online shopping has driven a significant increase in the use of boxes for shipping textiles. Considerable investments are being made in packaging solutions to ensure safe, dependable, and intact delivery. Since customer satisfaction is vital for retaining clients, corrugated boxes have become crucial in meeting consumer expectations.
Research indicates that over 50% of customers are likely to return to a company if their textile orders are well-packaged. Corrugated boxes allow textile manufacturers to customize packaging to both the product and the consumer, fostering repeat business and enhancing customer loyalty.
When shipping electronics and electronic components, selecting the right packaging is crucial due to the delicate nature of these items. Improper packing can easily result in damage. Corrugated boxes are commonly used in conjunction with additional packing materials to provide extra protection. The primary concern is the stress exerted on components during handling, which can cause circuit damage or loose connections. The cushioning inside corrugated boxes helps mitigate these risks, ensuring that electronic products arrive safely and in excellent condition.
Similar to the electronics industry, healthcare materials require careful handling and packaging. Sensitive medical instruments are prone to damage from inadequate packaging and rough handling. For medications, specific shipping conditions must be met to ensure their safety and efficacy. The diverse range of corrugated boxes available allows pharmaceutical companies to confidently ship their products, ensuring that medications remain well-protected and secure throughout transit.
Shipping materials for the battery industry must adhere to rigorous safety and regulatory standards. The fiberboard used in these custom-designed boxes complies with industry guidelines for corrugated packaging. In addition to specialized liners, each battery shipping container must be clearly labeled with relevant safety instructions and content information to ensure proper handling and legal compliance.
Shipping auto parts demands meticulous preparation due to the diverse sizes and shapes of the components. The primary objective is to ensure that each part is adequately protected from damage during transit, which involves selecting packaging that is robust, capable of supporting weight, and provides cushioning.
The choice of container largely depends on the specific auto parts being shipped, ranging from small items like lug nuts to larger components such as carburetors. Larger parts require boxes that are durable enough to withstand handling without rupturing. Manufacturers and suppliers often use charts to recommend suitable box types for various parts.
Supplying shipping materials for military use involves adhering to specific Mil-Spec regulations. Unlike standard industrial practices, the military outlines precise requirements and production methods for the materials they utilize. The primary mandate for military-grade boxes is their robustness.
In addition to being durable, these corrugated boxes must be engineered to endure various environmental conditions, including high humidity, extreme temperature fluctuations, and exposure to moisture. Military shipping materials are designed to provide superior protection for sensitive and technical equipment while complying with the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standard D5118.
Corrugated and solid fiberboard boxes, sleeves and liners are used to unitize products into packages of size and shape suitable for manual or mechanical handling and to protect the contents against environmental, handling, shipping, and storage conditions.
The primary focus is on safeguarding the contents and ensuring their security.
For publishing houses, shipping books, documents, magazines, and other printed materials presents the challenge of weight, as large volumes of printed items can be quite heavy. After addressing the weight issue, moisture becomes a significant concern since it can cause severe damage to printed materials.
While corrugated boxes come with protective coatings on the exterior, it's crucial to add an extra layer of defense against moisture by lining the inside of the box with plastic or a similar wrapping material. An effective approach is to opt for boxes made with triple-ply fiberboard for enhanced protection.
Corrugated boxes are crafted from corrugated fiberboard, which is available in various thicknesses and grades. For optimal quality, the fiberboard used should consist of top-grade paper and well-formed fluting.
Corrugated fiberboard is produced by bonding fluted sheets between flat linerboards. Its structural benefits, versatility, and environmental sustainability have made it a crucial material in the supply chain across numerous industries.
Single wall fiberboard consists of a single layer of fluting sandwiched between two liners. The most commonly used flute profiles for single wall fiberboard include A, B, C, E, and F, with B and C being the most frequently utilized.
Double wall corrugated fiberboard essentially consists of two layers of fluting sandwiched between two liners. Unlike single wall fiberboard, which has only one set of fluting, double wall fiberboard features two sets of flutes separated by an additional medium. Common flute combinations for double wall fiberboard include AC, BC, and EB profiles.
Triple wall fiberboard, as its name suggests, incorporates three layers of fluting. Unlike single and double wall fiberboard, where the fluting is typically uniform, triple wall fiberboard may feature fluting lines of different sizes and configurations. The exterior layers are covered with liners or facings, while the layers between the flutes are known as the medium.
While the thickness of fiberboard plays a crucial role in its strength, the type of paper used for the liners and flutes is equally important. Various types of paper are employed for the liners in corrugated fiberboard, including Kraft, test papers (grades 2 and 3), chip, bleached white, white top, mottled Kraft, oyster, semi-chemical, and waste-based papers.
Kraft paper or paperboard is manufactured through the Kraft process, which removes lignin—a natural bonding agent in wood—using sodium sulfate. This process enhances the paper's strength and durability, as Kraft paper is known for its high tear resistance. Made from softwood pulp, Kraft paper benefits from long fibers that further contribute to its robustness and resilience.
To produce bleached white paper, Kraft paper undergoes a treatment involving bleaching agents and various chemicals. This process removes impurities and whitens the Kraft pulp, resulting in a cleaner and stronger paper.
This treatment enhances the paper’s strength, making it suitable for packaging heavier items. Kraft bleached white paper is renowned for its rigidity, durability, and overall strength.
Test 2 paper liner is made from a blend of recycled materials and resembles Kraft paper in most respects, but it has lower burst strength. Consequently, it is typically used as an outer liner where resistance to punctures and moisture is not critical.
Test 3 paper is composed entirely of recycled materials and features a double-layer structure, also known as duplex. While it is not as robust as Kraft paper due to the lack of virgin fibers, it is commonly used as an inner liner.
Test liners generally offer less strength than Kraft liners due to their higher recycled content. These liners come in various grades and classifications, which can vary based on their country of origin.
Chip liners are produced from recycled materials that are less controlled, resulting in a lower quality compared to other liners. Consequently, they do not provide the same level of performance as higher-grade liners.
Semi-chemical fluting is made from hardwood with short fibers. This paper pulp undergoes minimal lignin removal, resulting in papers with high density and excellent compression strength.
During the corrugation process, the heat treatment helps form rigid fibers as the paper cools, enhancing its resistance to crushing.
Fluting is often manufactured using waste-based materials due to their superior properties. This type of fluting is created from 100% recycled paper, which is treated with chemicals and reinforced with starch. The starch serves as a replacement for the natural lignin found in hardwood and softwood pulps.
The development of waste-based fluting medium addresses environmental concerns and promotes the recycling of materials. Most fluting used in the production of corrugated fiberboard is derived from waste-based sources.
Fiberboard grading employs two widely accepted methods within the corrugated fiberboard industry. Understanding these grades is crucial for selecting the appropriate fiberboard for specific applications.
The Mullen burst test is a long-established method for evaluating fiberboard and is widely utilized by corrugated fiberboard manufacturers. It is the oldest testing technique and reports its results in pounds.
In the Mullen test, a sample of corrugated fiberboard is secured in a testing apparatus. A hydraulic arm exerts pressure on the sample via a rubber diaphragm. This force is increased incrementally, either manually or electronically, until the diaphragm punctures the fiberboard.
The Mullen grade reflects the fiberboard's resistance to bursting, with results expressed in pounds. For example, a Mullen test result of 32# indicates that the fiberboard sample withstood a force of 32 lbs. (14.5 kg) before bursting.
With the increased use of corrugated boxes and the growing number stacked on pallets, it has become crucial to assess how much weight a corrugated box can endure from other boxes. To evaluate this, the Edge Crush Test (ECT) was developed, providing both Mullen and ECT ratings for corrugated fiberboard.
Similar to the Mullen test, the ECT involves testing a sample of corrugated fiberboard. However, the ECT applies force to the fluted edge of the sample to measure its resistance to crushing. The result is a numerical value indicating the fiberboard's capacity to withstand compression along its linear edge.
| Mullen and ECT Test Results for Single Walled Corrugated Fiberboard | ||
|---|---|---|
| Mullen Burst Strength | Edge Crush Test (ECT) | Max. Weight Limit/carton |
| 125 # | 23 ECT | 20 lbs. |
| 150 # | 26 ECT | 35 lbs. |
| 175 # | 29 ECT | 50 lbs. |
| 200 # | 32 ECT | 65 lbs. |
| 275 # | 44 ECT | 95 lbs. |
| 350 # | 55 ECT | 120 lbs. |
Coatings for corrugated boxes must comply with recycling and composting requirements. The box manufacturing industry strives to create coatings that meet these criteria. Contrary to the assumption that coatings are only applied to the outer surfaces of boxes, they are also applied to liners and paper, ensuring that the entire board remains recyclable and compostable.
Conductive: Conductive coatings are designed to shield against electrostatic discharge (ESD). These coatings are easy to handle and fully recyclable, offering protection from static electricity.
Waterproof: Waterproof coatings not only protect against water damage but also resist oil, grease, and vapors. These coatings often have a waxy appearance and are used for carrying industrial items and food products, meeting the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) standards for handling greasy or oily materials.
Color: Color coatings can be applied in various shades to align with branding needs. After applying the color coating, additional branding information can be printed on the box.
Scuff Resistance - Scuff-resistant coatings are sturdy and abrasive resistant. They are designed for packaging products that may damage the facing of the box during shipping. A strong scuff-resistant box eliminates the need for additional packaging material such as bubble wrap or Styrofoam.
Corrosion Protection (VCI): Volatile Corrosion Inhibitors (VCI) are used in packaging to prevent corrosion. This additive is infused into the corrugated board, providing ongoing protection even if the packaging is opened. VCI-coated boards are particularly useful for shipping ferrous metals.
Ultraviolet (UV): UV coatings protect against the harmful effects of ultraviolet rays, which can damage chemical bonds in products. These eco-friendly coatings offer robust protection against UV light and can be applied to corrugated boards to shield products from sun damage.
Corrugated boxes are versatile and can be crafted to accommodate a wide range of shipping needs, resulting in thousands of variations in shapes, sizes, thicknesses, and designs. This variety also extends to customized boxes tailored to specific requirements.
Despite the vast number of box types, they all share fundamental attributes from which more complex designs are derived. A typical corrugated box includes essential elements such as a lid, top, sides, bottom, and internal space. These core components form the basis of all box designs, and modifications to these elements result in the diverse array of box types available.
It is generally assumed that all corrugated boxes are built to be sturdy, durable, and long-lasting, having been designed and manufactured to fulfill specific needs and meet predetermined conditions.
A slotted box is crafted from corrugated fiberboard that is pre-scored and slotted, allowing it to be folded into shape to create a corrugated container. Among the various box types, slotted boxes are the most prevalent and versatile. They are commonly used for shipping and storing a wide range of products, chemicals, and parts.
The term "slotted box" covers a variety of box designs, each with specific characteristics and uses, as detailed below.
Telescope boxes are named for their design, which features two separate, foldable parts: the body and the cover. The body forms the main part of the box that holds the item, while the cover acts as a lid that fits over the body. When assembled, the cover and body overlap, creating a secure container for shipping and storage.
A rigid corrugated box is constructed from three components: two end panels and a central body. The end panels are folded into place at the ends of the box, while the central body piece folds together to complete the structure. The rigidity of the box is provided by the flaps or joints that secure the box's shape.
In the self-erecting variant, a single sheet of scored corrugated fiberboard is designed to fold into a slotted or telescope-style box. This type of box can be quickly assembled into its final form without additional assembly steps.
Folder corrugated boxes are like the self-erecting rigid type. They consist of one piece of corrugated fiberboard that has been scored so it can be folded together. The types of folders include one piece, five-panel, and tray.
The single-piece box features a flat base with flaps that fold to create the sides and ends, while the extensions of the side flaps form the top. In the five-panel design, the panels fold in a single direction, with the second and fourth panels serving as the top and bottom, and the fifth panel acting as a side. Trays are available in both five-panel and four-panel designs; the five-panel tray includes a top, whereas the four-panel version does not.
The tucktop corrugated box is designed for quick and easy assembly. This box comes pre-glued, starting out flat with the bottom tucked into the box's body and the top flaps extended. To set it up, simply open the sides of the box, which causes the bottom to flatten, making it ready for loading. The box assembles swiftly in one motion.
A variant of this design is the tucktop snap lock bottom box. Unlike the tucktop, this version does not have a pre-glued bottom. Instead, the bottom is formed by folding four flaps together. The primary differences between these two types are the setup time and the associated costs.
A double cover corrugated box features a body shaped like a square or rectangular tube, with interchangeable telescopic covers for the top and bottom. These components are kept flat until needed. To assemble, the telescopic covers are fitted onto the tube, which then opens to accommodate the covers.
There is also an interlocking variant of the double cover box, which offers a more secure fit. This version includes interlocking flanges on both the covers and the tube, enhancing the box’s strength. It is specifically designed for shipping heavy items, such as appliances and heavy equipment.
Creating corrugated board starts with pulping wood fibers, which are then processed to form the corrugated structure. This initial processing, known as virgin corrugation, uses only fresh fibers without any recycled material.
Once virgin corrugated board has been utilized to its maximum potential, it undergoes repulping up to five times before it is no longer viable. With each repulping cycle, the fibers become shorter and weaker. The outcome of this process, combined with the production of new virgin board, is recycled corrugated board.
Upon examining the various aspects of corrugated boxes, their significance as a shipping solution becomes apparent. Their primary benefit lies in their robustness and resilience, despite being constructed from molded paperboard and adhesive. These boxes are engineered to endure diverse environmental conditions, ranging from incessant rainfall to intense heat. This adaptability is why corrugated boxes play a crucial role in global shipping logistics.
Corrugated boxes are highly effective in preventing moisture and bacterial contamination. They provide a reliable cushioning effect and can be sized to fit a wide range of products.
These boxes ensure that items remain secure during transit, shipping, and handling. Adjustments in corrugated protection, including varying thicknesses and sizes, allow for extra care when shipping delicate and fragile items.
The corrugated fluted medium offers a lightweight yet protective layer. Corrugated fiberboard excels in shielding contents from environmental factors and handling damage. Compared to wood or plastic, it is lighter, more cost-effective, and easier to recycle, making it a more sustainable choice both environmentally and economically.
Although corrugated boxes come in standard sizes and shapes, they can be tailored to meet various specific requirements. Customization extends to having logos and designs printed on the box's sides, top, or bottom.
Various coatings, treatments, adhesives, and flame-resistant options can be applied to corrugated boxes. They are available in numerous sizes and can be easily folded into various shapes to ensure a perfect fit.
High-quality custom designs make products stand out. Well-designed shipping materials enhance a company's operational values and brand strength. An innovative and well-crafted corrugated box design helps establish a strong, lasting brand presence.
The widespread use of corrugated boxes can be attributed to their affordability compared to other types of containers. They do not necessitate extra labor, costly tools, or specialized machinery. After their initial use, corrugated fiberboard can be recycled and reused, minimizing waste.
Companies continually seek ways to enhance their brand visibility. Printing brand names and logos on corrugated boxes is a cost-effective way to achieve this. Even smaller businesses can appear competitive by using sophisticated designs on their boxes. Custom branding enhances customer impressions and projects a professional image.
Corrugated boxes are notable for their recyclability and ability to be repurposed. In an era focused on environmental responsibility, companies are keen on protecting and preserving the environment. With over 70% of corrugated box materials being recyclable, they play a crucial role in a company's sustainability efforts. These boxes are made with eco-friendly glues and materials that comply with environmental regulations.
Controlling shipping costs is crucial, and heavy boxes can increase these costs. Corrugated boxes offer a lightweight yet durable solution for shipping. Despite their lightweight nature, they maintain sufficient strength to protect products effectively.
Corrugated fiberboard comes in various types, including single, double, and triple-walled configurations, produced from different paper types based on shipping needs. This versatility ensures that any product can be accommodated using corrugated boxes.
Printing company graphics, logos, and brand names on corrugated fiberboard is cost-effective. Most fiberboard production includes customizable printing options. Custom printing is a key aspect of branding and is economically viable, eliminating the need for additional advertising expenses. The flute protection and flat surface of corrugated boxes make them an ideal medium for combining marketing and logistics.
Using corrugated boxes allows companies to creatively develop their logistics solutions with a personal touch. A well-designed box can reflect a business's culture and personality, distinguishing it from competitors and enhancing its market image.
A corrugated box acts as a protective barrier for products traveling long distances under various conditions. The flutes and walls of the box provide essential cushioning against environmental factors and rough handling during transit. This additional layer of protection safeguards products from shocks, abrasions, vibrations, and rough handling during transport.
In addition to protecting against physical damage, corrugated boxes shield delicate items, such as perfumes and chemicals, from contaminants like dust and bacteria. The fiberboard structure acts as a protective shell, ensuring safe delivery.
Modern business practices emphasize sustainability by minimizing waste and aligning with resupply needs. Corrugated boxes contribute to sustainability by being recyclable and repurposeable at the end of their lifecycle. This model helps avoid the issue of diminishing returns, ensuring a continuous supply of corrugated materials.
The Global Recycled Standard (GRS), managed by the Textile Exchange, supports climate and biodiversity initiatives. It covers a broad range of products with recyclable content, extending beyond the textile industry.
GRS certification includes social, environmental, and chemical criteria to ensure responsible practices.
Organizations are certified under the GRS based on various criteria, including:
Box manufacturing is regulated by the Federal Departments of Transportation and Homeland Security. In addition to these government regulations, there are guidelines set by organizations such as the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), the Global Recycle Standards (GRS), and The Joint Commission (TJC) regarding corrugated fiberboard. Another important element of box standards is the certification of the box manufacturer.
A Box Maker's Certificate is either stamped or printed on a box to inform the user or freight carrier about the box's compliance with specific standards. It provides details about the manufacturer, the box's specifications, and its adherence to regulations. The primary purpose of this certificate is to indicate the box's load-bearing capacity, which depends on the materials used in its construction.
The Box Maker's Certificate highlights the quality and performance of a box, serving as an indicator of how well it can safeguard a product. It provides details about the box's strength, weight, and dimensions.
Standards for fiberboard boxes are detailed in 49 CFR § 178.516, which specifies the various requirements for corrugated fiberboard.
Construction requirements
Each of these factors is accompanied by detailed descriptions for clarification.
ASTM's mission is to create and publish standards across various industries, offering technical guidelines for product development. This aims to ensure that products perform correctly and are safe to use.
Below are some ASTM standards for corrugated fiberboard, as found on the ASTM website:
The Joint Commission (TJC) primarily concentrates on health and medical supplies. Their mission includes overseeing the use of cardboard and corrugated boxes as well as shipping containers, following guidelines from the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI). The relevant regulation is as follows:
AAMI ST 79 5.2.1 requires that clean and sterile items be promptly removed from shipping containers upon delivery. This requirement is also reinforced in TJC observation IC.02.02.01 EP 4, which pertains to the proper storage of clean and sterile items.
As highlighted, the TJC prioritizes the safe, clean, and unobstructed handling of medical instruments during packaging.
The Global Recycled Standard (GRS) is a voluntary international organization that establishes criteria for third-party certification of recycled materials, as well as for social, environmental, and chemical practices. These standards cover every stage of the supply chain and focus on traceability.
The GRS aims to assist companies in verifying the recycled content of their products and ensuring compliance with social, environmental, and chemical regulations in their production processes. Its goal is to clearly define requirements to guarantee accurate content claims, maintain good working conditions, and minimize harmful environmental and chemical impacts.
A cardboard box is a shipping container made of thick heavy duty paper known as paperboard, which is more than 0.01 inch or 0.25 mm thick. The term cardboard is used as a generic descriptor for various types of solid firm papers used to produce boxes
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